Presenting a Qualitative Model for Implementing Integrated Urban Management in Tehran (Emphasizing Urban Planning and Institutional-Organizational Dimensions)

Abstract

The rapid growth of urbanization and the complexity of physical, economic, social, and institutional structures in the Tehran metropolis have given rise to numerous challenges in urban management. A lack of coordinated management, overlapping organizational responsibilities, inconsistencies in data and policies, and a failure to leverage integrated planning capacities have threatened the city's sustainability and efficiency. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, comprising both qualitative and quantitative phases. The qualitative phase involved a sample of 12 experts—including academics and municipal managers—selected via purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria. Data collection for this phase relied on semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The quantitative phase utilized a researcher-designed questionnaire and a confirmatory factor analysis approach. The statistical population for this phase consisted of experts from Tehran’s municipalities; the initial population was estimated at 900, and a sample size of 274 was calculated using Cochran’s formula, with the study ultimately involving 300 participants. Through thematic analysis, the key factors influencing the implementation of integrated management were identified and categorized into three macro-groups: drivers (propelling factors), strategies (policies and key actions), and outcomes (results and impacts of achieving integrated urban management).
The research findings indicate that the most significant drivers for achieving integrated urban management include innovation and the adoption of modern technologies (such as Geographic Information Systems), the reform of legal and institutional structures, the enhancement of transparency and accountability, the improvement of managerial capacity and human capital, and the development of institutional collaboration. Key strategies for implementing this system include redefining structures and processes, formulating joint inter-institutional programs, strengthening inter-organizational synergy, and leveraging technology and open data. Furthermore, the implementation of integrated urban management manifests in increased managerial efficiency, enhanced equity and social participation, environmental sustainability, positive economic transformations, and the growth of social capital and urban cultural identity. All variables at the designated levels were examined and validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess both intra-construct and inter-construct relationships.
The study’s findings indicate that developing integrated urban management can pave the way for a city that is sustainable, resilient, efficient, equity-oriented, and responsive to citizens' needs; however, successful implementation requires overcoming structural barriers and excessive bureaucracy, improving interaction among various urban governance sectors, and strengthening legal and financial frameworks. Practical recommendations are offered—focusing on the application of global best practices and the enhancement of stakeholder participation—to guide the implementation process of integrated urban management in Tehran.